DISCOVER
Union Explained
Understand the structure, principles and day-to-day workings of the United Republic of Tanzania.
The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar is a unique model of peaceful cooperation in Africa. It is built on mutual respect, shared governance and the recognition that together, both sides are stronger.
Key Principles of the Union
Equality
Both Tanganyika and Zanzibar are equal partners in the Union.
Mutual Benefit
The Union serves the interests of all Tanzanians on both sides.
Shared Sovereignty
Union matters are governed together; non-Union matters by each side.
African Spirit
An inspiration for African unity and cooperation since 1964.
Structure of Government
Union Government
DodomaGoverns Union Matters — defence, foreign affairs, currency, immigration, and more — for all of Tanzania.
Zanzibar Revolutionary Government
Zanzibar CityHas its own President, House of Representatives, and government for non-Union matters within Zanzibar.
Union Parliament
The National Assembly represents all Tanzanians and passes laws on Union matters.
Court of Appeal
The highest court for both Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar on Union matters.
What Does the Union Cover?
The Constitution lists 22 Union Matters — areas governed jointly by the Union Government. Everything else is governed separately by the respective authority.
Key Union Matters (from the Constitution)
- ✓The Constitution of Tanzania and the Union Government
- ✓Foreign Affairs
- ✓Defence and Security
- ✓Police
- ✓Emergency Powers
- ✓Citizenship
- ✓Immigration
- ✓External Borrowing and Trade
- ✓Income Tax, Customs Duty
- ✓Ports, Civil Aviation, Posts and Telecommunications
- ✓Currency, Banking, and Foreign Exchange
- ✓Higher Education
- ✓Oil and Natural Gas
- ✓The Court of Appeal
- ✓Registration of Political Parties
💡Did You Know?
- The Union has lasted over 60 years — a testament to its strength.
- Zanzibar has its own President who is also the First Vice-President of Tanzania.
- Both sides share a common currency — the Tanzanian Shilling.
- The Union Parliament includes members elected from both Mainland and Zanzibar.